Role of government is to keep healthcare affordable.
Giving direct subsidies to government hospitals, polyclinics and some nursing homes.
· Ensure healthcare remains affordable for most Singaporeans especially lower income group government gives different rate of subsidies to different classes of wards in hospitals.
· For example, patients who choose Class C wards in public hospitals only pay 20% of their hospital bills.
· The Singapore government pays the rest.
· Shows that government heavily subsidies hospital bills for certain wards.
· Wards with better facilities like B1 & B2 wards also get subsidized. But less than Class C wards.
· Ensures that Singaporeans will get subsidized medical treatment if they choose to be admitted to ‘C’ or ‘B’ Class wards in public hospitals.
Providing some healthcare services.
· Voluntary welfare organizations and some private organizations are given grants by government to run community hospitals, nursing homes and day rehabilitation centres for patients who are discharged from hospitals but still need medical care.
· By giving grants, these organizations will help to take care of the medical needs of elderly. Therefore government does not have to be fully responsible.
· These organizations operate by using government’s money and their own money to take care of them.
· This allows government to spend money on the healthcare needs of other age groups.
Providing support services.
· Government gives support to organizations that provides specific healthcare support such as, NKF & Singapore Chung Hwa Medical Institution.
· These healthcare services cater to needs of specific groups of people, such as the poor or those with particular illness.
· Therefore, community is part of ‘Many Helping Hands Approach’ to lighten burden of the government so that the government is not solely responsible for providing healthcare needs to its people.
· Moreover, government can focus on others needs of people.
Thursday, May 13, 2010
Monday, May 10, 2010
Summary Package 3
Passage A discusses the effects the atomic bomb had on the populations of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Using your own words as far as possible, summarise the physical destruction, the human casualties, and the effects on morale wrought by the atomic bomb.
USE THE MATERIAL IN PASSAGE A FROM LINE 11 TO 76.
Your summary, which must be in continuous writing (not note form), must not be more than 150 words (not counting the words given to help you to begin).
Begin your summary as follows: [25]
The bomb exploded over Hiroshima, the entire built-up portion of the city was by blast and swept by fire. Fires springing up almost over the area around the center of the city drew in air. The city gave a roughly circular shape which was almost burned out. The collapse of many buildings, and conflagration contributed to an unprecedented casualty rate. Magnitude of casualties is set in relief by comparing with the Tokyo fire raid. The impact of the atomic bomb shattered the normal way of life. It also disrupted the organizations for handling the disaster. People sought safety from the conflagration for shelter and food. People were streaming back in search of relatives and friends. Some wants to determine the extent of their property loss. Some stocks of supplies had been dispersed, many were destroyed. The atomic bombs were the great numbers of casualties. Exact number of dead and injured will never be known due to confusion after the explosions. Outstanding difference was the presence of radiation effects. The causes of death and injury were secondary effects of blast and falling debris, and burns from blazing buildings. Some of the dead looked as if they had drowned. Allied investigators discredited the evidence of blast effects as the normal effects of blast are internal haemorrhage and crushing.
Using your own words as far as possible, summarise the physical destruction, the human casualties, and the effects on morale wrought by the atomic bomb.
USE THE MATERIAL IN PASSAGE A FROM LINE 11 TO 76.
Your summary, which must be in continuous writing (not note form), must not be more than 150 words (not counting the words given to help you to begin).
Begin your summary as follows: [25]
The bomb exploded over Hiroshima, the entire built-up portion of the city was by blast and swept by fire. Fires springing up almost over the area around the center of the city drew in air. The city gave a roughly circular shape which was almost burned out. The collapse of many buildings, and conflagration contributed to an unprecedented casualty rate. Magnitude of casualties is set in relief by comparing with the Tokyo fire raid. The impact of the atomic bomb shattered the normal way of life. It also disrupted the organizations for handling the disaster. People sought safety from the conflagration for shelter and food. People were streaming back in search of relatives and friends. Some wants to determine the extent of their property loss. Some stocks of supplies had been dispersed, many were destroyed. The atomic bombs were the great numbers of casualties. Exact number of dead and injured will never be known due to confusion after the explosions. Outstanding difference was the presence of radiation effects. The causes of death and injury were secondary effects of blast and falling debris, and burns from blazing buildings. Some of the dead looked as if they had drowned. Allied investigators discredited the evidence of blast effects as the normal effects of blast are internal haemorrhage and crushing.
Affordability of health/welfare state (Research 1)
A government distributes its resources to meet the needs of the people in the country. Healthcare is one such need a government provides for its citizens. However, healthcare needs differs from country to country. The amount of resources used also differs. Allowing people to be able to afford for healthcare is a challenge for most governments because of the need to provide basic healthcare for the sick even if they are unable to pay for it. Healthcare is a public good which governments have to provide for people, given the limited resources and competing needs of the country. . For example, in the rural areas, diseases like measles, malaria and cholera are common. However, they do not have basic healthcare facilities to treat them.
In Singapore, the government encourage self responsibility and community support. At the same time, the government would maintain the policies of healthcare to keep it affordable. One of the measures is through Medisave. A certain amount of money from their CPF will be channelled to the Medisave accounts. The money can be used for paying hospitals bills or medical treatments. This way, individuals are encouraged to be self reliant while government provides safety nets to ensure that healthcare remains affordable. As healthcare is a public good, no one should be in a situation where he is not given healthcare because he can't afford it. Therefore, Medifund is set up to provide help to those who are not able to pay for healthcare. Patients who need help can apply for the fund at the hospital where they are being treated.
One of the concerns in keeping healthcare affordable for Singaporeans is that subsidies provided by the government should benefit patients who need them the most. Resources should be more fairly distributed cannot pay for healthcare get the most subsidies.
To ensure that healthcare remains affordable for most Singaporeans, especially for lower-income group, the government gives difference rates of subsidies to different classes of wards in hospitals.
In Singapore, the government encourage self responsibility and community support. At the same time, the government would maintain the policies of healthcare to keep it affordable. One of the measures is through Medisave. A certain amount of money from their CPF will be channelled to the Medisave accounts. The money can be used for paying hospitals bills or medical treatments. This way, individuals are encouraged to be self reliant while government provides safety nets to ensure that healthcare remains affordable. As healthcare is a public good, no one should be in a situation where he is not given healthcare because he can't afford it. Therefore, Medifund is set up to provide help to those who are not able to pay for healthcare. Patients who need help can apply for the fund at the hospital where they are being treated.
One of the concerns in keeping healthcare affordable for Singaporeans is that subsidies provided by the government should benefit patients who need them the most. Resources should be more fairly distributed cannot pay for healthcare get the most subsidies.
To ensure that healthcare remains affordable for most Singaporeans, especially for lower-income group, the government gives difference rates of subsidies to different classes of wards in hospitals.
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