Role of government is to keep healthcare affordable.
Giving direct subsidies to government hospitals, polyclinics and some nursing homes.
· Ensure healthcare remains affordable for most Singaporeans especially lower income group government gives different rate of subsidies to different classes of wards in hospitals.
· For example, patients who choose Class C wards in public hospitals only pay 20% of their hospital bills.
· The Singapore government pays the rest.
· Shows that government heavily subsidies hospital bills for certain wards.
· Wards with better facilities like B1 & B2 wards also get subsidized. But less than Class C wards.
· Ensures that Singaporeans will get subsidized medical treatment if they choose to be admitted to ‘C’ or ‘B’ Class wards in public hospitals.
Providing some healthcare services.
· Voluntary welfare organizations and some private organizations are given grants by government to run community hospitals, nursing homes and day rehabilitation centres for patients who are discharged from hospitals but still need medical care.
· By giving grants, these organizations will help to take care of the medical needs of elderly. Therefore government does not have to be fully responsible.
· These organizations operate by using government’s money and their own money to take care of them.
· This allows government to spend money on the healthcare needs of other age groups.
Providing support services.
· Government gives support to organizations that provides specific healthcare support such as, NKF & Singapore Chung Hwa Medical Institution.
· These healthcare services cater to needs of specific groups of people, such as the poor or those with particular illness.
· Therefore, community is part of ‘Many Helping Hands Approach’ to lighten burden of the government so that the government is not solely responsible for providing healthcare needs to its people.
· Moreover, government can focus on others needs of people.
Thursday, May 13, 2010
Monday, May 10, 2010
Summary Package 3
Passage A discusses the effects the atomic bomb had on the populations of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Using your own words as far as possible, summarise the physical destruction, the human casualties, and the effects on morale wrought by the atomic bomb.
USE THE MATERIAL IN PASSAGE A FROM LINE 11 TO 76.
Your summary, which must be in continuous writing (not note form), must not be more than 150 words (not counting the words given to help you to begin).
Begin your summary as follows: [25]
The bomb exploded over Hiroshima, the entire built-up portion of the city was by blast and swept by fire. Fires springing up almost over the area around the center of the city drew in air. The city gave a roughly circular shape which was almost burned out. The collapse of many buildings, and conflagration contributed to an unprecedented casualty rate. Magnitude of casualties is set in relief by comparing with the Tokyo fire raid. The impact of the atomic bomb shattered the normal way of life. It also disrupted the organizations for handling the disaster. People sought safety from the conflagration for shelter and food. People were streaming back in search of relatives and friends. Some wants to determine the extent of their property loss. Some stocks of supplies had been dispersed, many were destroyed. The atomic bombs were the great numbers of casualties. Exact number of dead and injured will never be known due to confusion after the explosions. Outstanding difference was the presence of radiation effects. The causes of death and injury were secondary effects of blast and falling debris, and burns from blazing buildings. Some of the dead looked as if they had drowned. Allied investigators discredited the evidence of blast effects as the normal effects of blast are internal haemorrhage and crushing.
Using your own words as far as possible, summarise the physical destruction, the human casualties, and the effects on morale wrought by the atomic bomb.
USE THE MATERIAL IN PASSAGE A FROM LINE 11 TO 76.
Your summary, which must be in continuous writing (not note form), must not be more than 150 words (not counting the words given to help you to begin).
Begin your summary as follows: [25]
The bomb exploded over Hiroshima, the entire built-up portion of the city was by blast and swept by fire. Fires springing up almost over the area around the center of the city drew in air. The city gave a roughly circular shape which was almost burned out. The collapse of many buildings, and conflagration contributed to an unprecedented casualty rate. Magnitude of casualties is set in relief by comparing with the Tokyo fire raid. The impact of the atomic bomb shattered the normal way of life. It also disrupted the organizations for handling the disaster. People sought safety from the conflagration for shelter and food. People were streaming back in search of relatives and friends. Some wants to determine the extent of their property loss. Some stocks of supplies had been dispersed, many were destroyed. The atomic bombs were the great numbers of casualties. Exact number of dead and injured will never be known due to confusion after the explosions. Outstanding difference was the presence of radiation effects. The causes of death and injury were secondary effects of blast and falling debris, and burns from blazing buildings. Some of the dead looked as if they had drowned. Allied investigators discredited the evidence of blast effects as the normal effects of blast are internal haemorrhage and crushing.
Affordability of health/welfare state (Research 1)
A government distributes its resources to meet the needs of the people in the country. Healthcare is one such need a government provides for its citizens. However, healthcare needs differs from country to country. The amount of resources used also differs. Allowing people to be able to afford for healthcare is a challenge for most governments because of the need to provide basic healthcare for the sick even if they are unable to pay for it. Healthcare is a public good which governments have to provide for people, given the limited resources and competing needs of the country. . For example, in the rural areas, diseases like measles, malaria and cholera are common. However, they do not have basic healthcare facilities to treat them.
In Singapore, the government encourage self responsibility and community support. At the same time, the government would maintain the policies of healthcare to keep it affordable. One of the measures is through Medisave. A certain amount of money from their CPF will be channelled to the Medisave accounts. The money can be used for paying hospitals bills or medical treatments. This way, individuals are encouraged to be self reliant while government provides safety nets to ensure that healthcare remains affordable. As healthcare is a public good, no one should be in a situation where he is not given healthcare because he can't afford it. Therefore, Medifund is set up to provide help to those who are not able to pay for healthcare. Patients who need help can apply for the fund at the hospital where they are being treated.
One of the concerns in keeping healthcare affordable for Singaporeans is that subsidies provided by the government should benefit patients who need them the most. Resources should be more fairly distributed cannot pay for healthcare get the most subsidies.
To ensure that healthcare remains affordable for most Singaporeans, especially for lower-income group, the government gives difference rates of subsidies to different classes of wards in hospitals.
In Singapore, the government encourage self responsibility and community support. At the same time, the government would maintain the policies of healthcare to keep it affordable. One of the measures is through Medisave. A certain amount of money from their CPF will be channelled to the Medisave accounts. The money can be used for paying hospitals bills or medical treatments. This way, individuals are encouraged to be self reliant while government provides safety nets to ensure that healthcare remains affordable. As healthcare is a public good, no one should be in a situation where he is not given healthcare because he can't afford it. Therefore, Medifund is set up to provide help to those who are not able to pay for healthcare. Patients who need help can apply for the fund at the hospital where they are being treated.
One of the concerns in keeping healthcare affordable for Singaporeans is that subsidies provided by the government should benefit patients who need them the most. Resources should be more fairly distributed cannot pay for healthcare get the most subsidies.
To ensure that healthcare remains affordable for most Singaporeans, especially for lower-income group, the government gives difference rates of subsidies to different classes of wards in hospitals.
Monday, April 26, 2010
Summary Package 2
The rediscovery of the Shang began with Malaria. That at least, is the legend. Describe what are oracle bones, how they were discovered, how they were used and their significance. (25m)
USE ONLY MATERIALS FROM PARAGRAPHS 1 to 6.
Your summary, which must be in continuous writing (not note form), must not be longer than 160 words, including the 10 words given below.
Begin your summary as follows:
The rediscovery of the Shang began with the discovery of turtle shells and large cattle bones. They are inscribed with ancient Chinese characters. Inscriptions are about events of national significance, natural disasters, and insignificant happenings. One way being discovered is by legend. Another is Wang Yirong’s family bought the turtle shells to make medicine. Wang Yirong, an archaeologist, was the first to build up a collection of oracle bones. Oracle bones were found in Xiaotun. Shang fortune tellers use it to foretold predictions about the future and check whether the event would occur. The bones were cleaned and thinned and hot object is applied until the surface cracked. The cracked shell or bones were presented to the king. The King’s interpretation of the cracks was engraved onto the shell together with the original prediction. Oracle bones are first written texts. It recorded account of Shang which provides reference to historical personalities to prove their existence. It also dispelled some misconceptions of Shang.
USE ONLY MATERIALS FROM PARAGRAPHS 1 to 6.
Your summary, which must be in continuous writing (not note form), must not be longer than 160 words, including the 10 words given below.
Begin your summary as follows:
The rediscovery of the Shang began with the discovery of turtle shells and large cattle bones. They are inscribed with ancient Chinese characters. Inscriptions are about events of national significance, natural disasters, and insignificant happenings. One way being discovered is by legend. Another is Wang Yirong’s family bought the turtle shells to make medicine. Wang Yirong, an archaeologist, was the first to build up a collection of oracle bones. Oracle bones were found in Xiaotun. Shang fortune tellers use it to foretold predictions about the future and check whether the event would occur. The bones were cleaned and thinned and hot object is applied until the surface cracked. The cracked shell or bones were presented to the king. The King’s interpretation of the cracks was engraved onto the shell together with the original prediction. Oracle bones are first written texts. It recorded account of Shang which provides reference to historical personalities to prove their existence. It also dispelled some misconceptions of Shang.
Tuesday, April 13, 2010
Summary Exercise using ICT. Lesson 2
Write an account of what is reality television, explain its popularity and its future prospects(25m)
USE ONLY MATERIALS FROM PARAGRAPHS 3 to 16.
Your summary, which must be in continuous writing (not note form) must not be longer than 150 words, excluding the 10 words given below.
Begin your summary as follows:
Reality television, dominating the tube right now, is about the real antics of people in environments. It shows people getting insulted or humiliated. Ironically, these shows are unreal as key moments are staged. Like sport. Reality shows are profitable as it is cheap to produce. Popular with viewers as people are voyeurs. These shows erase the boundaries between the public and the private. It is a great and new way of telling a story as it is unpredictable. Audience can identify the theme of the show. Reality shows will always have a place on television. However the prospects are dim. The reputations of the network are ruin. Producers will soon run out of ideas and viewers will get bored. Last but not least, the competition from other forms of programming.
USE ONLY MATERIALS FROM PARAGRAPHS 3 to 16.
Your summary, which must be in continuous writing (not note form) must not be longer than 150 words, excluding the 10 words given below.
Begin your summary as follows:
Reality television, dominating the tube right now, is about the real antics of people in environments. It shows people getting insulted or humiliated. Ironically, these shows are unreal as key moments are staged. Like sport. Reality shows are profitable as it is cheap to produce. Popular with viewers as people are voyeurs. These shows erase the boundaries between the public and the private. It is a great and new way of telling a story as it is unpredictable. Audience can identify the theme of the show. Reality shows will always have a place on television. However the prospects are dim. The reputations of the network are ruin. Producers will soon run out of ideas and viewers will get bored. Last but not least, the competition from other forms of programming.
Tuesday, February 9, 2010
Swiss Cottage Prelim Paper 2 – Environmentalism
17. In Passage B, the writer provides a number of reasons to explain why current
environmentalism is unsuccessful in solving the problem of global warming
and
offers some insight on how people should re-think the issue.
Using your own words as far as possible, summarise the reasons why
current approaches to environmentalism are failing and the suggestions for
improvement.
USE THE MATERIAL IN PASSAGE B FROM LINE 24 TO THE
END OF THE
PASSAGE.
Your summary, which must be in continuous
writing (not note form), must not be
longer than 150 words (not counting the
words given to help you begin).
Begin your summary as follows:
Current approaches to environmentalism do not work because… [25]
Current approaches to environmentalism do not work because people are not engaged in the Kyoto Protocol. With the carbon emissions start to increase, it has led to global warming. Developing mankind are having trouble meeting their reduction targets when the atmosphere is flood with carbon dioxide. Job of environmentalism is to treat the worst effects, and continuous economic growth makes that job easier. Endless economic growth is built on the use of inexpensive fossil fuels. The fuels that provide us with growth now threaten the society. Carbon dioxide is the main ecological pollutant for which has never improved the living standards. Everyone needs to change their perspective to shift their identity and desire. The number of people in a household continues to fall as houses can only be built at suburban lots. It is important to take people’s aspirations for peaceful life seriously. Cultural environmentalism will help us to ask deeper questions than we are used to asking.
environmentalism is unsuccessful in solving the problem of global warming
and
offers some insight on how people should re-think the issue.
Using your own words as far as possible, summarise the reasons why
current approaches to environmentalism are failing and the suggestions for
improvement.
USE THE MATERIAL IN PASSAGE B FROM LINE 24 TO THE
END OF THE
PASSAGE.
Your summary, which must be in continuous
writing (not note form), must not be
longer than 150 words (not counting the
words given to help you begin).
Begin your summary as follows:
Current approaches to environmentalism do not work because… [25]
Current approaches to environmentalism do not work because people are not engaged in the Kyoto Protocol. With the carbon emissions start to increase, it has led to global warming. Developing mankind are having trouble meeting their reduction targets when the atmosphere is flood with carbon dioxide. Job of environmentalism is to treat the worst effects, and continuous economic growth makes that job easier. Endless economic growth is built on the use of inexpensive fossil fuels. The fuels that provide us with growth now threaten the society. Carbon dioxide is the main ecological pollutant for which has never improved the living standards. Everyone needs to change their perspective to shift their identity and desire. The number of people in a household continues to fall as houses can only be built at suburban lots. It is important to take people’s aspirations for peaceful life seriously. Cultural environmentalism will help us to ask deeper questions than we are used to asking.
Tuesday, August 18, 2009
Package 3: Lesson 1
Passage A discusses the developments of the coffee trade.
Using your own words as far as possible, summarise the developments, the problems the coffee farmers faced and the measures taken to improve the situation.
USE THE MATERIAL FROM PARAGRAPHS 3 TO 8 FROM PASSAGE A.
Your summary, which must be in continuous writing (not note form), must not be more than 150 words (not counting the words given to help you to begin).
Begin your summary as follows: [25]
According to legend, Ethiopian found his goats munching on coffee cherries. Coffee evolved into a phenomenon. Coffee usually ranks second and people depend it for livelihood. Peanut-size bean provide a nutritionless beverage by the caffeine it contains. Brazil grows a third of the world’s supply and drinks a third of what it raises. Disaster loomed, frost hit southern Brazil again. Brazil suspended shipments of damage and importers. Brazil’s actual losses fell below predictions. Farmers start to plant coffee bean when the prices of it increase, but when the price of it decreases; farmers start to plant other crops. Producers and consumers agree that it will be a solution to sell prices at reasonable price. With a quota system, it can control the outflow of beans. Although there is a change in price at times, coffee remains one of the least inflated prepared beverages: five cents a brew-it-yourself cup.
Using your own words as far as possible, summarise the developments, the problems the coffee farmers faced and the measures taken to improve the situation.
USE THE MATERIAL FROM PARAGRAPHS 3 TO 8 FROM PASSAGE A.
Your summary, which must be in continuous writing (not note form), must not be more than 150 words (not counting the words given to help you to begin).
Begin your summary as follows: [25]
According to legend, Ethiopian found his goats munching on coffee cherries. Coffee evolved into a phenomenon. Coffee usually ranks second and people depend it for livelihood. Peanut-size bean provide a nutritionless beverage by the caffeine it contains. Brazil grows a third of the world’s supply and drinks a third of what it raises. Disaster loomed, frost hit southern Brazil again. Brazil suspended shipments of damage and importers. Brazil’s actual losses fell below predictions. Farmers start to plant coffee bean when the prices of it increase, but when the price of it decreases; farmers start to plant other crops. Producers and consumers agree that it will be a solution to sell prices at reasonable price. With a quota system, it can control the outflow of beans. Although there is a change in price at times, coffee remains one of the least inflated prepared beverages: five cents a brew-it-yourself cup.
(Word count: 145)
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